Bonds Payable and Other Long-term Liabilities

Medium Practice Test

Introduction to Accounting

Medium Practice Test

Click the “Check Your Answer” box below each question to reveal the correct answer and explanation.

1. When the effective yield is higher than the stated rate, the bond will be sold at

a. a discount
b. a premium
c. par
d. maturity value

Answer
A. To get a higher effective yield, a lower amount must be invested. When the investor gives the company an amount lower than maturity value it is a discount. Because the annual cash received (stated interest rate x maturity value) from the bond will not change, a lower investment gives a higher return and a higher investment gives a lower return.

2. When a bond is issued at a premium, the stated rate will be

a. equal to the effective rate
b. lower than the effective rate
c. higher than the effective rate
d. a rate that changes with changes in the market rate

Answer
C. A premium occurs when the company receives more than maturity value when the bond is issued. When more is received, the effective interest rate is lower than the stated interest rate (so stated is higher). The effective rate always moves the opposite direction from the cash received.

3. When a bond is issued at a discount, interest expense will be

a. higher than the amount of cash paid for interest
b. lower than the amount of cash paid for interest
c. equal to the amount of cash paid for interest
d. lower than the market rate of interest

Answer
A. The company receives less than maturity value when a bond is issued at a discount. When less is received, interest expense (effective interest rate) is higher than the cash paid (stated interest rate).

4. A company issues a $200,000, 6%, 5-year bond for a price of 96. The total amount of interest expense that will be recorded by the company over the life of the bond is

a. $64,000
b. $56,000
c. $204,000
d. $196,000

Answer

A. The amount paid for interest is always the maturity value x the stated rate. A discount represents additional interest expense over the life of the bond. A premium represents lower interest expense over the life of the bond. Total interest expense is computed as:

Maturity value x stated % = per year x years = interest paid (also an expense)
$200,000 x .06 + $12,000 x 5 =         $60,000
+ additional interest expense
not paid until maturity (discount)    $ 4,000
           Total interest expense            $64,000

5. When recording interest related to bonds payable, the company will use the amortization schedule to

a. determine the maturity value of the bond at the end of the period
b. determine the cash interest that will be paid
c. determine the effective interest rate for the period
d. determine the difference in interest expense and cash paid

Answer
D. The amortization schedule determines the interest expense for the period. Interest expense is computed by multiplying the amount owed at the beginning of the period by the effective market rate. Cash paid for interest is stated in the contract and does not change. The difference in the interest expense and the cash paid for interest will increase or decrease the net amount owed (carrying amount). (a. & b.) are stated in the bond contract and do not change. The effective interest rate is known at the time the bond is issued and is not determined by the amortization schedule (c).

6. The difference in long term notes payable and bonds payable is

a. long term notes have a premium or discount and bonds payable do not
b. the interest rate on bonds payable is generally much higher
c. one incurs interest expense periodically and the other does not
d. when principle is repaid

Answer
D. A portion of principle is repaid with each payment on notes payable. Principle is repaid at maturity on bonds payable. The opposite is true for (a.). Interest rates are determined by economic factors and risk factors and is similar for both types. Interest is always incurred as time passes (c)..

7. The interest expense incurred on a long-term note payable is always

a. the amount borrowed multiplied by the stated interest rate
b. the amount borrowed multiplied by the effective interest rate
c. the amount owed at the end of last period times the stated interest rate
d. equal to the amount of payment

Answer
C. Interest expense is incurred based on the amount owed during the year.
The amount owed changes each period as payments are made.

8. The entry to record the issuance of a bond will

a. decrease assets and increase liabilities
b. increase assets and increase liabilities
c. increase interest expense, assets, and liabilities
d. decrease liabilities and assets

Answer
B. Issuing a bond is just borrowing money. Cash is increased and bonds payable is increased also. Cash is an asset and bonds payable is a liability. Interest is not recorded until time passes (c.).

9. When bonds are issued at a discount, the amount reported on the balance sheet as bonds payable is

a. higher than maturity value
b. lower than maturity value
c. always equal to maturity regardless of the issue price
d. always equal to par regardless of the issue price

Answer
B. A discount occurs when the amount of cash received is lower than maturity value. During the years the bond is outstanding, the net amount owed will be lower than maturity value. Bonds payable is reported on the balance sheet at a net amount; maturity value plus the premium or maturity value less the discount.

10. When bonds are issued at a premium, total interest expense incurred over the life of the bond will

a. be equal to the maturity value of the bond
b. be less than cash paid for interest over the life of the bond
c. be more than cash paid for interest over the life of the bond
d. be equal to cash paid for interest over the life of the bond

Answer

B. The additional amount received (premium) is also the amount that interest expense is less than cash paid for interest. When the company receives more than they have to repay at the end of the term, effective interest is less.

11. On January 1, 20X7, ABC Corporation issued a $500,000 face value, 10% coupon, bond for $541,296, with an annual effective yield of 8 percent. The bonds mature in 10 years. Interest is payable on January 1 and July 1 and the company uses the effective interest method to record interest expense. The company’s fiscal year ends on December 31st of each year. (Round to the nearest $1)

A. Prepare an amortization schedule through July 1, 20X8 ONLY.
B. Prepare the required journal entry for issuing the bonds on January 1, 20X7.
C. Prepare the required journal entry on July 1, 20X8.
E. Determine the total amount of cash that will be paid for interest over the life of the bond.
D. Determine the total amount of interest expense that will be paid over the life of the bond.

Answer
A.	      (8% / 2)             (MV x 10%/2)  
	      Effective	   Coupon or			            Premium/	    Carrying
	      Interest %	   Stated %	       Difference	    Discount	      Value

1/1/X7						                               41,296	    541,296
7/1/X7	   21,652	        25,000		       3,348	    37,948             537,948
1/1/X8         21,518                25,000                        3,482             34,466             534,466
7/1/X8         21,379                25,000                        3,621             30,845             530,845

B. Issuance of the bond

Cash               541,296
       Premium             41,296
       Bond Payable      500,000

C. Interest is paid on July 1, 20X8

Interest Expense        21,379
Premium                       3,621
     Cash                                25,000

D. Total interest paid = Interest paid each period x number of payments
$25,000 x 10 years x 2 each year = $500,000 total cash paid

E. Total interest expense = total cash paid less the premium received
$500,000 less $41,296 = $458,704

Notice on the amortization schedule that interest expense is less than cash paid

12. The company issued $250,000, 6%, 10-year bonds at a price of 97.1 at the beginning of the current year. Interest is paid semi-annually. The effective market rate on the date of issuance was 7%. Without preparing an amortization schedule:

A. Determine the amount of cash exchanged when the bonds were issued.
B. Determine the amount of the discount/premium when the bonds were issued.
C. Determine the first year’s interest expense
D. Determine total interest expense over the life of the bonds
E. Determine the total amount of cash that will be paid for interest over the life of the bond.
F. Determine the amount that will be repaid on the maturity date.
G. Determine the amount that will be reported on the balance sheet at the end of the year the bond was issued.

Answer

A. Cash exchanged is computed:

Maturity Value		     250,000
x price of bond in a %	     0.971
= Cash exchanged		 242,750

B. A discount occurs when the cash exchanged is less than maturity value for the difference:

Cash exchanged              242,750
Maturity value                   250,000
Discount			          7,250

C. The first period interest expense will be the cash exchanged x the effective rate.
The new amount owed (carrying value) must be determined for the second period:

242,750  x .07 / 2 = 		    $8,496

242,750 + (8,496 – 7,500 **)  
= 243,746 x .035 =  		    $8,531

Total interest exp 1st year = $17,027

** 250,000 x .06 / 2 = 7,500 cash paid each period

D. Total interest expense over the life of the bond is

cash paid each period			  7,500   
x number of payments per year	  x  2
x years to maturity				   x 10 
= total cash paid			         150,000
+ discount					     7,250
= total interest expense	                 157,250

E. The cash paid over the life of the bond is 150,000, computed in D.

F. The amount that is repaid on the maturity date is the maturity value, $250,000

G. The amount that will be reported on the balance sheet is the amount of the carrying value on that date:

Cash received				        242,750
-  Cash paid for the year			    (15,000)
+ interest expense for the year                  17,027
= adjusted amount owed end of year      244,777 

$244,777 is reported on Balance Sheet

13. A doctor borrowed $100,000 to establish a practice in a small town on January 1st of the current year. The loan agreement stated the following:

Annual interest rate 8%
# of payments to be made 20
Equal payments are to be made at the end of each quarter

The accountant used the present value table to determine the present value of an annuity for

5 periods at 8% = 3.9927
20 periods at 8% = 9.8182
20 periods at 2% = 16.3514

A. Determine the amount of each payment that must be made quarterly
B. Prepare an amortization schedule for the note for the first 4 payments
C. Record the first two payments made
D. Determine the amount that will be reported for the notes payable at the end of the first year.
E. Determine the total interest expense that will be reported for the first year.

Answer

A.
Amount borrowed
PV factor of annuity

$100,000 = $6,116 each quarter
 16.3514

The present value factor should be the factor for the number of total payments that will be made and the annual rate / # payments per year

B. Amortization Schedule to determine interest expense and amount owed at the end of each period.

	    	                  10%/4=2%			    Carrying Value
	    Payment	    Interest	   Difference	    (Notes Payable)
							
1/1								                   100,000
3/31	    6,116		2,000		4,116			    95,884			
6/30	    6,116		1,918		4,198			    91,686
9/30	    6,116		1,834		4,282    		        87,404
12/31	6,116		1,748		4,368			    83,036

C. Record payments made on the notes payable:

1st 	Notes Payable	     4,116
	Interest Expense	 2,000
		Cash			  6,116

2nd 	Notes Payable	     4,198
	Interest Expense	 1,918
		Cash			6,116

D. The company will report that $83,036 is owed on the note payable at the end of
the first year.

E. Interest expense incurred the first year is the total of all amounts in the interest column for this year (2,000 + 1,918 + 1,834 + 1,748) = $7,500.