Final Review
Problems Test
Cost Accounting
All Problems Test
Click the “Check Your Answer” box below each question to reveal the correct answer and explanation.
1. A company sells one product. The following data relates to the product:
| Sales 18,000 units | $360,000 |
| Direct material costs | $ 72,000 |
| Direct labor costs | $ 90,000 |
| Fixed manufacturing overhead costs | $ 50,000 |
| Fixed selling and admin costs | $ 20,000 |
| Variable selling costs | $ 36,000 |
A. Compute the number of units the company must sell to earn a profit of $40,000.
B. Compute the break even point in sales dollars. (Use the formula for sales dollars.)
C. The company has a target profit of $60,000 and expects to sell 15,000 units.
Compute the selling price that the company must charge to earn the target profit.
Answer
1st Compute the sales price at $20 per unit – $360,000 / 18,000 units
2nd Identify the variable costs as follows:
| direct materials | $72,000 |
| direct labor | $90,000 |
| variable selling | $36,000 |
| total variable | $198,000 |
| / 18,000 units | |
| = $11 per unit |
3rd Contribution margin per unit
$20 sales – $11 variable cost = $9 per unit
4th Contribution margin ratio is
$9 CM / $20 sales = 0.45 or 45%
5th Total fixed costs are
$50,000 + $20,000 = $70,000
A. Total fixed costs + Desired profit / CM per unit
$70,000 + $40,000 / $9 = 12,222 units
B. Fixed Costs / CM %
$70,000 / .45 = $155,555
C. Use the contribution margin income statement – work up from desired income
| Sales | $ ? |
| – all VC | $__11 per unit_ |
| = CM | $ ? 130,000 |
| – all FC | $ 70,000 |
| = Target Income | $ 60,000 |
CM must be $130,000 to get desired income
If sales will be 15,000 units, then CM per unit must be $8.67 ($130,000 / 15,000)
Variable costs are $11 per unit.
In order to get CM per unit of $8.67, the sales price must be $19.67
(Sales – VC = CM)
? = 15,000 units
2. A Company incurred $75,000 in overhead costs making 20,000 units in April. The company made 12,000 units and incurred $47,000 in overhead costs in May. During the year, the company averaged 14,000 units at a cost of $56,000 monthly.
A. Compute the fixed and variable components of the overhead cost.
B. Calculate the total cost that is expected to be incurred if 18,000 are produced.
Answer
A. Variable Cost
$75,000 – $47,000 = $28,000 = $3.50 per unit
20,000 – 12,000 8,000
Use either the high or low total cost and the associated activity
Total Cost = $FC + ($VC per activity x # activity)
$75,000 = ? + ($3.50 x 20,000) = 70,000
FC = $5,000
B.
$5,000 + ($3.50 x 18,000) = $68,000 total cost
3. A manufacturing company applies manufacturing overhead based on direct labor
dollars. Total annual estimated manufacturing overhead is $600,000 and total
estimated direct labor hours for the year is 60,000 at a cost of $800,000. Total
estimated machine hours for the year is 25,000 and many parts of the manufacturing are automated.
Record the following transactions.
A. Raw materials were purchased on account for $23,000.
B. Labor was incurred: $87,000 direct labor for 6,500 hours, $26,000 executive and
administrative salaries, $ 8,000 for warehouse salaries, $15,000 for manufacturing
supervisor salaries
C. Actual factory overhead costs incurred: $49,234. Included in this amount is $3,600
depreciation expense.
D. Materials moved to the production line: $18,000 direct and $1,200 indirect.
E. $99,000 of goods were completed
F. $67,000 of finished goods were sold for $95,000.
Compute the balance in Work in Process and finished goods at the end of the period.
The company has no beginning inventories.
Answer
a. raw materials purchased on account, $23,000
Raw materials $23,000
Accounts Payable $23,000
b. Labor Incurred: $87,000 direct labor for 4,500 hours, $26,000 executive and administrative salaries, $ 8,000 for warehouse salaries, $15,000 for manufacturing supervisor salaries
| Work in Process | $87,000 |
| Manufacturing Overhead | $15,000 |
| Administrative salary expense | $26,000 |
| Warehouse salary expense | $ 8,000 |
| Salaries payable | $136,000 |
c. Actual factory overhead costs incurred: $49,234. Included in this amount is $3,600 depreciation expense.
| Manufacturing Overhead | $49,234 |
| Accounts Payable | $45,634 |
| Accumulated Depreciation | $ 3,600 |
d. Materials moved to the production line: $18,000 direct and $1,200 indirect
| Work in Process | $18,000 |
| Manufacturing O/H | $ 1,200 |
| Raw materials | $19,200 |
Apply overhead and make the overhead account = 0 before moving WIP to FG.
Do not automatically use direct labor hours to allocate MOH
Direct labor dollars are used in this problem.
MOH Rate
$600,000 = 0.75 per direct labor dollars
$800,000
| Actual direct labor hours used | 87,000 |
| x rate per direct labor hour | x .75 |
| = manufacturing overhead applied | $65,250 |
| Work in Process | $65,250 |
| Manufacturing Overhead | $65,250 |
| Applied Overhead | $65,250 |
| Actual Overhead | $65,434 |
| Under applied | $ 184 |
Actual Overhead = ($15,000 + $49,234 + $1,200)
| Cost of Goods Sold | $184 |
| Manufacturing Overhead | $184 |
Add costs when under applied with a debit to CGS since it is not significant.
e. $99,000 of goods were completed
| Finished Goods | $99,000 |
| Work in Process | $99,000 |
f. $67,000 of finished goods were sold for $95,000.
| Cost of Goods Sold | $67,000 |
| Finished Goods | $67,000 |
| Accounts Receivable | $95,000 |
| Sales | $95,000 |
Compute the balance in Work in Process and finished goods at the end of the period.
4. A company has three service departments: facilities (allocate costs based on square feet), computer service (allocate costs based on reports generated), and accounting (allocate costs based on customers). Human resources is considered the highest ranked service that begins the allocation. It has 2 revenue producing units: East and West. Information gathered to do the allocation follows:
| Unit | Direct Costs | Customers | Reports | Square Feet |
| Facilities | $620,000 | 3,042 | 142 | 2,500 |
| Computer Services | $420,000 | 152 | 58 | 6,750 |
| Accounting | $289,000 | 805 | 115 | 1,450 |
| East | $495,000 | 2,320 | 439 | 21,780 |
| West | $636,000 | 3,956 | 642 | 16,845 |
Required:
A. Allocate costs using the direct method.
B. Allocate costs using the step method.
C. Determine operating income for the East Division given sales are $1,100,000, using the step method.
Answer
A. Direct method – all costs go to revenue producing units only:
Facilities – (1st) (2nd)
| East | 21,780 = .564 x 620,000 = 349,680 |
| West | 16,845 = .436 x 620,000 = 270,320 |
| Total | 38,625 |
Computer Services –
East |
(1) (2) 439 = .406 x 420,000 = 170,520 |
| West | 642 = .594 x 420,000 = 249,480 |
| Total | 1,081 |
Accounting – (1) (2)
| East | 2,320 = .370 x 289,000 = 106,930 |
| West | 3,956 = .630 x 289,000 = 182,070 |
| Total | 6,276 |
B. Step Method – begin allocation with human resources and allocate to cost units and revenue producing units
Facilities – based on square feet
| Computer | 6,750 = .144 x 620,000 = 89,280 |
| Accounting | 1,450 = .031 x 620,000 = 19,220 |
| East | 21,780 = .465 x 620,000 = 288,300 |
| West | 16,845 = .360 x 620,000 = 223,200 |
| Total | 46,825 |
Computer Services – $420,000 + $89,280 = $509,280 to allocate
| Accounting | 115 = .096 x 509,280 = 48,891 |
| East | 439 = .367 x 509,280 = 186,906 |
| West | 642 = .537 x 509,280 = 273,483 |
| Total | 1,196 |
Accounting – $289,000 + $19,220 + 48,891 = $357,111 to allocate
| East | 2,320 = .37 x 357, 111 = 132,131 |
| West | 3,956 = .63 x 357,111 = 224,980 |
| Total | 6,276 |
C. Operating Income for East Division:
| Sales Revenue | 1,100,000 |
| Direct Costs | (495,000) |
| Facilities | (288,300) |
| Computer Services | (186,906) |
| Accounting | (132,131) |
| Operating Income | (2,337) |
5. A company produces 3 products from the same process. The following information is related to the 3 products.
| Product 1 | Product 2 | Product 3 | |
| Units produced: | 500 | 6,000 | 2,000 |
| Ounces per unit | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| Further processing costs | $0.20 | $3 | $2 |
| Sales price at split-off | $1 | $8 | $10 |
| Selling costs | $0.15 | $0.25 | $0.50 |
| Final Sales price | $1 | $12 | $15 |
The company incurred $72,000 in joint product costs, $50,000 selling and administrative, and $22,000 in research and development costs. Product 1 is considered a by product. The direct net realizable approach is used to record scrap and by products.
A. Allocate joint costs and determine the cost per pound for products 1, 2 and 3 based on
1. net realizable value
2. approximated net realizable value
3. sales value at split-off
4. ounces produced
B. Determine the gross profit from selling product 3 given the net realizable value method of allocating joint costs is used given 1,900 units were processed further and sold.
Answer
1st – Subtract the NRV of the by product from the joint costs before to determine the joint cost that is allocated.
| Sales price | $1.00 |
| – further processing costs | $0.20 |
| – selling/disposal costs | $0.15 |
| = net realizable value | $0.65 |
| x units sold | 500 |
| = net realizable value | $325 |
| Total Joint Costs | $72,000 |
| less NRV By Product | (325) |
| Joint Costs to Allocate | $71,675 |
1. Net Realizable Value
Units x (sales price spl off – cost to sell) = NRV % x Joint costs = allocated
| (2) 6,000 x ($8 – $0.25) | = 46,500 | .710 x 71,675 | = 50,889 |
| (3) 2,000 x ($10 – $0.50) | = 19,000 | .290 x 71,675 | = 20,786 |
| Total | 65,500 |
2. Approximate Net Realizable Value
Units x (final sales price – selling costs – further processing costs) = Appr. NRV
| (2) 6,000 x ($12 – $0.25 – $3) | = 52,500 | .677 x 71,675 | = 48,524 |
| (3) 2,000 x ($15 – $0.50 – $2) | = 25,000 | .323 x 71.675 | = 23,151 |
| Total | 77,500 |
3. Sales Value at Split-off
Units x Split-off Price = Total sales % total x Joint Costs = Allocated
| (2) 6,000 x $8 | = 48,000 | .706 x 71,675 | = 50,603 |
| (3) 2,000 x $10 | = 20,000 | .294 x 71,675 | = 21,072 |
| Total | 68,000 |
4. Ounces produced:
Units x ounces per = total ounces
| (2) 6,000 x 4 | = 24,000 | .80 x 71,675 | = 57,340 |
| (3) 2,000 x 3 | = 6,000 | .20 x 71,675 | = 14,335 |
| Total | 30,000 |
B. Gross profit from selling product 3, net realizable method for allocating:
| Sales | 28,500 |
| – Joint Costs | 20,786 |
| – further processing | 3,800 |
| Gross Profit | 3,914 |
Selling costs are operating expenses which are subtracted from gross profit
6. A company has two divisions, electronics and appliances. The electronics division manufactures an electronic computer chip that can be sold externally and is also used by the appliance division. The following information is available for the computer chip:
| List Selling Price: | $25.00 |
| 10% lower than competitors | |
| Variable Production Costs: | $11.00 |
| Total Units Produced Annually: | 200,000 |
| Internal Requirements: | 50,000 |
| Units Sold Externally: | 180,000 |
| Fixed Selling Costs | $300,000 |
Fixed Overhead Costs
$300,000 allocated on the basis of units produced
Variable Selling Costs
$2; includes $1 per unit in sales commissions
A. Determine the minimum transfer price using the incremental cost method
B. Determine the maximum transfer price:
Answer
A. For the units that there is excess capacity, the minimum transfer price should be the total of incremental costs. Incremental costs are all variable costs plus any fixed costs that must be added to service the division.
| Variable production costs | $11 |
| Variable selling costs | $ 1 |
| Total incremental costs | $12 |
No added fixed costs
Minimum transfer price is $12 for the first 20,000 units where there is capacity.
Advertising costs do not have to be incurred for internal sales
For 30,000: no excess capacity,
The minimum transfer price should be the price to external customers: $25
B. The maximum transfer price should be the lowest price the division can purchase from an external supplier.
The electronics division currently sells at $25 which is 10% lower than the external supplier cost of $27.78 ($25/.90)
The maximum transfer price should be $27.78 which is higher than the current sales price – this maximum applies to both capacity and out of capacity.
The selling division could negotiate between $25 and $27.78
7. The following data relates to a product manufactured by TRW Corp.:
Standard Costs:
| Materials: 2 pounds, | $3 per pound |
| Labor: 3 hours, | $12 per hour |
| Variable Overhead: | $12 per pound of material used |
| Budgeted fixed production costs | $140,000 |
| Budgeted production for the year | 4,000 units |
Actual Costs:
| Material purchased: | 8,000 pounds, total cost of $23,200 |
| Material used: | 7,200 pounds |
| Labor: | 10,360 hours, total cost of $129,500 |
| Variable overhead | $84,700 |
| Fixed overhead | $138,500 |
| Units produced | 3,200 units |
A. Calculate all variable cost variances.
B. Calculate all fixed overhead variances.
Answer
8. Record the variances computed in problem 7 above.
Answer
| Raw Materials Inventory | 24,000 |
| RM purchase price variance | 800 |
| A/P | 23,200 |
| WIP | 19,200 |
| Material quantity variance | 2,400 |
| Raw Materials Inventory | 21,600 |
| WIP | 115,200 |
| Labor Efficiency Variance | 9,120 |
| Labor Rate Variance | 5,180 |
| Wages Payable | 129,500 |
| WIP | 76,800 |
| Efficiency Variance | 9,600 |
| Spending Variance | 1,700 |
| Manufacturing Overhead | 84,700 |
| WIP | 112,000 |
| Volume Variance | 28,000 |
| Budget Variance | 1,500 |
| Manufacturing Overhead | 138,500 |
9. Amos Corp. sells a single product for $30 and had no beginning inventories.
Information for the year is as follows:
| Sales 24,000 units | $720,000 |
| Production costs: | |
| Variable costs per unit | $16 |
| Fixed costs – total | $150,000 |
| Administrative costs: | |
| Variable costs per unit | $5 |
| Fixed costs – total | $50,000 |
| Actual units produced | 26,000 units |
| Budgeted production | 25,000 units |
A. Prepare a variable costing income statement
B. Prepare an absorption costing income statement
C. Reconcile the difference between the two income statements.
Answer
A.
| Sales ($30 x 24,000 units sold) | $720,000 |
| – Variable production costs ($16) | $384,000 |
| – Variable admin costs ($5) | $120,000 |
| = Total Contribution Margin | $216,000 |
| – All Fixed Expenses: | |
| Administrative | $ 50,000 |
| Fixed Production costs | $150,000 |
| = Total Operating Income | $ 16,000 |
B.
| Sales ($30 x 24,000 units sold) | $720,000 |
| – Variable production costs ($16) | $384,000 |
| – Fixed production costs ($5.77) | $138,480 |
| = Gross Profit | $197,520 |
| – Variable admin costs ($5) | $120,000 |
| – Fixed administrative | $ 50,000 |
| = Total operating income | $ 27,520 |
Fixed production cost per unit = $150,000 / 26,000 = $5.77 per unit
C. Reconcile the difference between variable costing income and absorption costing income
| Units Made | 26,000 |
| – Units sold | (24,000) |
| = Inventory Change in Units | 2,000 |
| x Fixed M O/H rate per unit | x $5.77 |
| – Variable admin costs ($5) | |
| and variable costing income | $11,540 |
Difference in two statements: $11,520
$20 difference due to rounding
Inventory increased absorption costing is higher income than variable costing
10. Authentic Furniture, Inc. applies overhead on the basis of direct labor cost.
At the beginning of the period the following amounts were budgeted:
| Direct labor costs $4,000,000 | Direct labor hours 425,000 |
| Total Overhead $5,000,000 | Machine hours 125,000 |
The first two jobs manufactured in the current year were job no. X5-01 and X5-02.
The cost of the jobs and the production status on January 31st are as follows:
| X5-01 | X5-02 | |
| Direct Materials | $22,000 | $48,000 |
| Direct labor | $40,000 | $75,000 |
| Direct labor hours | 4,000 | 7,500 |
| Status: | In process | Finished, not yet sold |
At the end of the current year, actual direct labor hours totaled 442,000, actual direct labor costs totaled $4,200,000 and actual overhead incurred totaled $5,180,000.
A. Compute the total cost of each job as of January 31st
B. Calculate the amount of over or under applied overhead for the year. State over or under applied.
Answer
1st – Calculate the predetermined overhead rate for the year:
$5,000,000 / $4,000,000 = 1.25 x Direct Labor $
| A. | X5-01 | X5-02 |
| Direct Materials | $22,000 | $48,000 |
| Direct labor | $40,000 | $75,000 |
| Manufacturing O/H (1.25 x DL$) | $50,000 | $93,750 |
| Total cost of the job | $112,000 | $216,750 |
B.
| Actual direct labor $ | $4,200,000 |
| x Manuf. O/H rate | x 1.25__ |
| = Amount applied | $5,250,000 |
| – Actual Manuf. O/H | $5,180,000 |
| = Over applied | $ 70,000 |
11. The following data was taken from the cost records of a manufacturing company:
| Utilities, factory | 8,000 |
| Sales commissions | 20,000 |
| Indirect labor | 59,000 |
| Rent, factory building | 70,000 |
| Purchases of raw materials | 264,000 |
| Assembly labor cost | 90,000 |
| Advertising expense | 40,000 |
| Supplies, factory | 1,500 |
| Corporate office rent expense | 42,000 |
| Warehouse rent expense | 33,000 |
| Maintenance, factory equipment | 10,000 |
| Shipping to customers | 21,000 |
| Depreciation – sales autos | 4,000 |
| Inventories | Beginning | Ending |
| Raw Materials | 39,000 | 45,000 |
| Work in Process | 16,000 | 29,000 |
| Finished Goods | 199,000 | 132,000 |
A. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured
B. Calculate cost of goods sold
Answer
A.
| Beginning Raw Materials Inventory | 39,000 |
| + Purchases of Raw Materials | 264,000 |
| – Ending Raw Materials Inventory | (45,000) |
| Materials Used in Production | 258,000 |
| Direct labor |
90,000 |
Supplies, factory |
1,500 |
| Indirect Labor | 59,000 |
| Maintenance, factory equipment | 10,000 |
| Utilities, factory | 8,000 |
| Warehouse rent expense | 33,000 |
| Rent, factory building | 70,000 |
| Total manufacturing overhead | 148,500 |
| + Beginning WIP | 16,000 |
| – Ending WIP | (29,000) |
| Cost of Goods Manufactured | 483,500 |
B.
| Beginning finished goods | 199,000 |
| + Cost of goods manufactured | 483,500 |
| – Ending finished goods | (132,000) |
| = Cost of goods sold | 550,500 |
12. A company uses the FIFO method for its continuous process cost system.
The following data is relative to the operations of the company for January.
| Work in Process, Beginning: | |
| Units in process | 1,000 |
| Materials cost, 80% complete | $ 27,500 |
| Conversion cost, 60% complete | $ 4,500 |
| Units started into production during the month | 60,000 |
| Material added to production during January | $129,000 |
| Conversion added to production during January | $ 36,000 |
Work in Process, January 31st:
Materials, 50% complete
Conversion, 30% complete
Normal Spoilage is 3% of units started.
Total spoilage for January was 6,300.
Units transferred to finished goods were 52,700
A. Determine the equivalent units of production for material and conversion.
B. Determine the cost per equivalent unit for material and conversion.
C. Prepare a cost reconciliation report
D. Record all required journal entries for process costing
Answer
* When using FIFO, beginning inventory dollars are not included in the cost per
equivalent unit
C.
| Value WIP: | |
| Material: | 1,000 x $2.25 = $ 2,250 |
| Conversion: | 600 x $0.63 = $ 378 |
| Total value | $2,628 |
Value FG:
| Beginning inventory dollars | $32,000 |
| Beginning units: | |
| Material: | 200 x $2.25 = $ 450 |
| Conversion: | 400 x $0.63 = $ 252 |
| Started/Completed | 51,700 x $2.88 = $148,896 |
| Total Finished Goods | $ 181,598 |
Abnormal Spoilage:
Material + Conversion:
4,500 x $2.88 = $ 12,960
D. All required journal entries:
| Work in Process | 165,000 |
| Raw Materials | 129,000 |
| Cash, etc. | 36,000 |
| Finished Goods | 181,598 |
| Work in Process | 181,598 |
| Loss from Abnormal Spoilage | 12,960 |
| Work in Process | 12,960 |
13. A company produces three products in a single production plant. Budgeted sales
and production information is as follows:
| Product X | Product Y | Product Z | |
| Units produced and sold | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000 |
| Selling price per unit | $12 | $32 | $50 |
| Total Assembly Hours | 10,000 | 30,000 | 60,000 |
| Number of batches | 50 | 100 | 350 |
| Number of purchase orders | 1,000 | 2,000 | 7,000 |
| Direct Cost per unit | $ 7 | $ 14 | $28 |
Total paid to indirect labor is $250,000. Total batch set-up costs for the company are $290,000. Total cost to the company to purchase parts is $350,000. Costs are allocated using the activity bases of assembly hours, batches, and parts as applicable.
A. Calculate the cost per unit of activity for each type of activity:
Assembly Hours ______________
Batches ______________
Purchase Orders ______________
B. Prepare a product income statement using activity-based costing for product Z.
Answer
1st Step: Add the activity of all three products together and get the company total
| Total company | |
| Assembly hours | 100,000 |
| Number of batches | 500 |
| Number of purchase orders | 10,000 |
2nd step: Calculate rate per activity:
A.
| Indirect labor | $250,000 / 100,000 = $2.50 |
| Batches | $290,000 / 500 = $580 |
| Purchase Orders | $350,000 / 10,000 = $ 35 |
|
B.
|
Product Z
|
| Sales | $2,500,000 ($50 x 50,000) |
| Direct Costs | $1,400,000 ($28 x 50,000) |
| – Indirect labor | $ 150,000 ($2.50 x 60,000) |
| – batch costs | $ 203,000 ($580 x 350) |
| – purchase order | $ 245,000 ($35 x 7,000) |
| Product Income | $ 502,000 |
14. Determine if the following is a fixed or variable cost. Determine if the following
costs are product or period cost and the type of product or period cost. The company manufactures pancake syrup.
1. Rent on the manufacturing facility
2. Bottles the syrup is placed in
3. Corn syrup, an ingredient
4. Workers who operate the filling machine
5. Utilities at the manufacturing plant
6. Insurance on the manufacturing plant
7. Janitors salary at the plant
8. Utilities at corporate headquarters
9. Supervisor at the manufacturing plant
10. Worker who place the labels on the syrup bottle
11. Depreciation on the machine that cooks the syrup
12. Manufacturing plant manager
13. Inspectors at the manufacturing plant
14. Salesmen travel expenses
15. Oil and parts for the manufacturing machines
16. Lids for the bottles
17. Shipping to customers
18. Advertising the syrup – a percent of sales dollars
19. Rent on corporate headquarters
20. Office supplies at corporate, set monthly amount
Answer
| 1. Rent on the manufacturing facility | Fixed | Product – M O/H |
| 2. Bottles the syrup is placed in | Variable | Product – DM |
| 3. Corn syrup, an ingredient | Variable | Product – DM |
| 4. Workers who operate the filling machine | Variable | Product – DL |
| 5. Utilities at the manufacturing plant | Variable | Product – M O/H |
| 6. Insurance on the manufacturing plant | Fixed | Product – M O/H |
| 7. Janitors salary at the manufacturing plant | Fixed | Product – M O/H |
| 8. Utilities at corporate headquarters | Fixed | Period – Admin |
| 9. Supervisors salary at the manufacturing plant | Fixed | Product – M O/H |
| 10. Worker who place the labels on the syrup bottle | Variable | Product – DL |
| 11. Depreciation on the machine that cooks the syrup | Fixed | Product – M O/H |
| 12. Manufacturing plant manager salary | Fixed | Product – M O/H |
| 13. Inspectors salary at the manufacturing plant | Fixed | Product — M O/H |
| 14. Salesmen commission expenses | Variable | Period – Selling |
| 15. Oil and parts for the manufacturing machines | Variable | Product – M O/H |
| 16. Lids for the bottles | Variable | Product – DM |
| 17. Shipping to customers | Variable | Period – Selling |
| 18. Advertising the syrup – a percent of sales $ | Variable | Period – Selling |
| 19. Rent on corporate headquarters | Fixed | Period – Admin |
| 19. Rent on corporate headquarters | Fixed | Period – Admin |